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Chemistry is about the tiny building blocks that make up everything in the universe! Briefly put, it is the study of the properties of matter. If you have ever wondered why the sky is blue or what makes a car move, then the answer has to do with chemistry. Chemistry is amazing because it can explain simple everyday things from skincare to electricity to medicine.
Chemistry is everywhere in the world around you! Olive – StudySmarter Originals
Overview
Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter, how matter changes and what it’s made of.
We can break down almost everything in the universe into tiny particles called atoms. There are 119 types of atoms in the universe. Groups of atoms bonded together are called molecules. In a chemical reaction, molecules rearrange themselves to make multitudes of materials and substances that exist today. Every material has a specific composition of atoms which we express as a chemical formula.
Example:
H2O is the chemical formula for water.
This means that a water molecule has two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom.
The chemical formula for water and its molecule. Olive – StudySmarter Originals
In chemistry, you will learn the formulae for various materials and how to combine molecules in reactions. You will also learn how atoms make electricity and energy.
At StudySmarter you will find articles that cover topics for chemistry courses and exams. You can make notes, add pictures, and use the handy articles written by our brainy content designers. They have included a ton of hints and tips to help you in your exams! You can also create your own flashcards and use the handy worked examples.
We sometimes call chemistry the central science because it combines maths, biology, physics and medicine, which is why chemistry has a number of branches. The topics you will cover come under three main sections: Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry. Let’s have a brief look at what you’ll learn in each section.
You might have guessed that physical chemistry combines physics and chemistry.
As an example, let’s consider water. You already know its chemical formula: H2O. Now think about what happens when you boil water. How about when water freezes? Why does sugar dissolve in water? How does that happen? The chemical answers to these questions have to do with the arrangement of the atoms in a water molecule, while physics tells us what is going on between the water molecules.
The nature of the bond between the molecules gives water its unique properties. makeagif.com
Essentially, physical chemistry is a study of how atoms behave. If you were to look into an atom you would see that it’s made of other tiny sub-particles called electrons, protons, and neurons. Every atom has a unique arrangement of sub-particles (Atomic Structure). Atomic structure affects how atoms bond with each other (Atomic Bonding) and how they respond to heat (Thermodynamics). Some of the other topics under physical chemistry include:
In 1869, a Russian chemist named Dimitri Mendeleev arranged all the known types of atoms to fit on what we now know as the periodic table of elements. Elements are the most basic materials in the universe. We can find carbon – the fourth most abundant element – in organic materials like wood, coal, and soil. Materials that do not have carbon in them are called inorganic compounds. So, inorganic chemistry is the study of materials that do not contain carbon. Have a look at the periodic table below – the pink element is carbon. That leaves a whole lot of other elements for you to discover in inorganic chemistry!
Inorganic chemistry is the study of materials that do not contain carbon. Olive – StudySmarter Originals
In inorganic chemistry, we will explore the periodic table. You will learn how we ended up with all the elements we see on it today and discover why Mendeleev arranged the elements that way. You will also learn about the similarities and differences in their properties and how we use them in chemistry. The topics under inorganic chemistry include:
Organic chemistry is the study of materials that contain carbon. ‘Organic’ means derived from living things. We call this field organic chemistry because scientists previously thought that we could only find organic compounds in living matter, which couldn’t be made artificially. Today, we know this is not true – we can manufacture numerous organic compounds in laboratories.
Even though organic chemistry mostly focuses on carbon, it is the second-largest section in chemistry. This is because carbon can combine with other elements to form a vast array of fascinating molecules, structures, and compounds! Carbon bonds covalently with elements like hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen to make long, complex repeating chains that form various fantastic materials that we use today. Among the materials you will learn about in organic chemistry are alcohols and polymers. Other topics in organic chemistry include:
Chemistry is a fascinating subject to study. You may find it challenging but each lesson will reward you with an understanding of the universe at a molecular level.
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter.
What is physical chemistry?
Physical chemistry explains chemical interactions using physics. It is the study of how atoms behave.
What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of organic or carbon-based compounds.
What is inorganic chemistry?
Inorganic chemistry is the study of non-carbon-based materials.
How many known types of atoms are there?
There are 119 known types of atoms on the periodic table.
Who came up with the modern arrangement of the periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev developed the modern arrangement of the periodic table.
What does organic mean?
Organic means derived from living things.
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