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Epiphanies are an interesting literary device. Epiphanies also happen in reality all the time: in simple terms, an epiphany is someone’s sudden insight into or realisation of their situation or an expression of self-awareness. Think of it as a ‘eureka’ moment.
An epiphany is a sudden revelation, realisation, or insight. It can be triggered by an object or occurrence in a scene.
The term comes from Christian theology and refers to a declaration of God’s presence in the world. Author James Joyce first introduced it in a literary context with his understanding of an epiphany as a ‘sudden spiritual manifestation’ triggered by the significance of an everyday object, occurrence, or experience.
Epiphanies in literature are often used in relation to major characters. The sudden understanding a character gains can add depth to the narrative. An epiphany also exposes new information to the reader, which enhances their understanding of the characters or a scene. The evident and purposeful lack of a character having an epiphany, despite them being in a situation that could prompt one, could emphasise their naivety or unwillingness to adopt self-awareness.
When an epiphany occurs in literature, it could come as a shock to the reader and the character, or it could be information that the reader was aware of, but the writer purposefully ensured stayed obscure to the character for a time.
Here, we are going to consider examples from Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
I had never seen our neighborhood from this angle. […] I could even see Mrs. Dubose’s … Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough (Chapter 31).
Explanation: Scout, the young protagonist, has the epiphany of the lessons of equality and kindness that her father, Atticus, had been trying to teach her through his practice of these actions inside and outside of the justice courts.
Her image had passed into his soul for ever […] A wild angel had appeared to him […] to throw open before him in an instant of ecstasy the gates of all the ways of error and glory (Chapter 4).
Explanation: Stephen, the protagonist, has struggled with liberating himself from his Catholic education and devoting himself to his writing. He sees a beautiful girl who inspires an epiphany – her mortal beauty is so great that it feels divine, which inspires him to celebrate the beauty of his own work.
James Joyce described an epiphany in writing as a ‘sudden spiritual manifestation’ triggered by the significance of an everyday object, occurrence, or experience. This definition is still relevant today, but an epiphany does not always have a spiritual or religious tone to it. So, we might like to describe an epiphany as a ‘sudden manifestation’ to keep its meaning more neutral.
In literature, an epiphany usually shows a change in a character’s understanding of themselves or their understanding of the world around them. This change is usually sudden and unexpected, almost like a miracle, and one key feature is that it often occurs while the character is doing commonplace things.
TOP TIP: A fun way to think of an epiphany is as a ‘lightbulb moment’ or a ‘eureka moment’.
A woman having a ‘lightbulb moment’, pixabay.com
You use an epiphany to signify a character’s altered perspective, which aids in character and plot development. The character has learned something because of the epiphany.
An example of the use of the word ‘epiphany’ is: ‘He had an epiphany that he no longer fit into the group’. It is used as a noun.
A famous example of an epiphany in literature occurs in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 (1953):
He glanced back at the wall. How like a mirror, too, her face. Impossible; for how many people did you know who reflected your own light to you? People were more often – he searched for a simile, found one in his work – torches, blazing away until they whiffed out. How rarely did other people's faces take of you and throw back to you your own expression, your own innermost trembling thought?
Montag, the protagonist, has an epiphany when speaking to Clarisse as she notes how boring his life is. Montag then starts to change his way of life by looking for answers in forbidden books.
Epiphanies do not have to be explicitly labelled as such in literature. They can instead be insinuated with a tone of contemplation or realisation.
Synonyms for epiphany include:
An epiphany is a sudden revelation, realisation, or insight.
James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)
‘Her image had passed into his soul for ever […] A wild angel had appeared to him […] to throw open before him in an instant of ecstasy the gates of all the ways of error and glory.’
‘I had never seen our neighborhood from this angle. […] I could even see Mrs. Dubose’s … Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough.’
‘All Animals are Equal but a few are more equal than others.’
An epiphany is a sudden revelation, realisation, or insight. It can be triggered by an object or occurrence in a scene. Epiphanies in literature are often used in relation to major characters.
The sudden understanding a character gains can add depth to the narrative. An epiphany also exposes new information to the reader, which enhances their understanding of the characters or a scene.
In simple terms, an epiphany is a sudden manifestation or perception of the essential nature or meaning of something. Think of it as a ‘eureka’ moment.
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