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Mandala:
The defining political shape of Southeast Asian states; is Sanskrit for "circle," representing a model of the universe in Hinduism or Buddhism; the term is used to describe Southeast Asian states as spheres of power from which a central figure or city extends loose control over a region through alliance and trade.
The definition of the term Mandala reveals two key aspects:
The most important cultural influences on Southeast Asian Kingdoms came from India and China, especially in the form of Hinduism and Buddhism.
Southeast Asian Kingdoms prospered from flourishing agriculture and especially trade.
Southeast Asian Kingdoms remained remarkably active in commerce and communication with both India and China, acting as the middle point in Asian sea trade.
The most powerful kingdom in Southeast Asia during the Medieval Period was the Khmer Empire, notable for its large cities, Hindu and Buddhist influence, and wonderful architecture.
One of the earliest and long lasting major kingdoms in Southeast Asia was Champa in southern Vietnam, rising in the 2nd century CE.
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