Suggested languages for you:

Americas

Europe

|
|

# Rotational Dynamics

## Want to get better grades?

• Flashcards
• Notes
• Explanations
• Study Planner
• Textbook solutions

Did you know that people, no matter where in the world, all experience rotational dynamics? As a result of our planet’s constant rotation about its axis, we are all moving at about $$1,600\,\mathrm{\frac{km}{h}}!$$ Earth rotates about its vertical axis, which is tilted 23.5 degrees, and completes one full rotation after 24 hours. Moreover, since the seasons are the result of different parts of the earth facing in the direction of the sun, it is because of this rotation that we experience different seasons. Therefore, with the importance of rotational dynamics being undeniable, let's introduce some definitions and examples that will help us expand our knowledge on the topic.

## Rotational Dynamics Definition

Let's start by clarifying what we refer to as rotational dynamics.

Rotational dynamics is the study of rotational motion resulting from external forces and their torques.

This area of mechanics is very broad, but we will try to give it a general overview.

## Rotational Dynamics Motion

We can describe rotational motion using four main physical quantities: angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular displacement, and time. While we have an intuitive notion of time, the other rotational motion variables might not sound that familiar to you, so let's start by defining each of them.

Angular displacement, $$\Delta \theta$$, is the difference between an initial and final angular position around a specified axis.

The mathematical formula corresponding to this definition is

$$\Delta \theta= \theta_f - \theta_i.$$

Angular displacement has an SI unit of radians ($$\mathrm{rad}$$).

Angular velocity, $$\omega$$, is the rate of an object's change in angular displacement with respect to time.

The mathematical formula for average angular velocity is

$$\omega=\frac{\Delta{\theta}}{\Delta{t}},$$

where $$\Delta\theta$$ is angular displacement and $$t$$ is time. Angular velocity has a SI unit of $$\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}}$$. However, for instantaneous angular velocity we use

$$\omega=\frac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}t}.$$

Angular acceleration, $$\alpha$$, is an object's change in angular velocity with respect to time.

We can calculate the average angular acceleration as

$$\alpha=\frac{\Delta{\omega}}{\Delta{t}},$$

and for instantaneous angular acceleration

$$\alpha=\frac{\mathrm{d}\omega}{\mathrm{ d}t} .$$

Angular acceleration has a unit of $$\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s^2}}$$.

Now besides understanding these definitions and corresponding formulas, one should also be aware of the relationship between these quantities. Angular velocity is the first derivative of angular displacement with respect to time, $$\omega=\frac{d\theta}{dt}$$, while angular acceleration is the first derivative of angular velocity with respect to time, $$\alpha=\frac{d\omega}{dt}$$ as well as the second derivative of angular displacement $$\alpha=\frac{d^2\theta}{dt^2}.$$

Given the angular position function, $$\theta(t)=\left(5\;\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s^2}}\right) t^2 +\left(8\;\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s^2}}\right)t -6\;\mathrm{rad},$$ calculate the angular velocity and angular acceleration functions.

Solution

To find the angular velocity function we can calculate the derivate of the angular position function with respect to time.

Similarly, since angular acceleration is the second derivative of the angular position function, we can find it by calculating the derivative of the angular velocity function.

A radian is an angle measure frequently used in a circular motion.

A radian is the angle corresponding to an arc length equal to the circle's radius.

Fig. 1 - A diagram showing the definition of a radian.

If we want to convert radians to degrees, we can use the formula,

$$\theta_\text{degrees}=\theta_\text{radians}\left(\frac{180^\circ}{\pi\;\mathrm{rad}} \right).$$

On the other hand, to convert from degrees to radians, we can apply the formula:

$$\theta_\text{radians}=\theta_\text{degrees}\left(\frac{\pi\,\mathrm{rad}}{180^\circ}\right).$$ Let's check our understanding with a quick example.

Convert the following quantities:

Solution

We use the corresponding formula according to the units of the given angle.

Note that $$1\,\text{radian} \approx 57.3^\circ.$$

### Torque and Rotational Inertia

Torque is the rotational equivalent of a force. For an object to experience angular acceleration, it has to be affected by torque.

Torque, $$\tau$$, is a vector quantity that quantifies the turning effect of a force applied to an object.

The SI unit for torque is $$\mathrm{N\,m.}$$

Convention states that a counterclockwise rotation indicates positive torque, and a clockwise rotation indicates negative torque. The amount of torque applied to an object depends on the applied force but also on the perpendicular distance from where the force is applied, with respect to the axis of rotation.

For a system to be at rotational equilibrium, the sum of all torques acting on a system must equal zero.

$$\sum \tau=0$$

The sum of all torques acting on a system can be zero if the torques are acting in opposite directions, thus canceling out.

Rotational equilibrium is defined as a state in which neither a system's state of motion nor its internal energy state changes with respect to time.

And we also have a quantity that plays the role of the mass in translational motion. For rotational motion, we use the moment of inertia or rotational inertia.

Rotational inertia is a quantitative measurement of an object's resistance to angular acceleration.

Rotational inertia varies depending on the shape of the object and its mass distribution with respect to the axis of rotation.

## Rotational Dynamics Equations

Now let's talk about the equations of the concepts used in rotational motion and and how we can use them.

### Rotational Kinematic Equations of Motion

Sometimes, it is enough to work with rotational kinematic equations when studying rotational motion.

Rotational kinematics refers to the study of rotational motion without considering external forces.

We can use the following kinematic equations whenever we are dealing with a constant angular acceleration.

Angular velocity equation:

$$\omega=\omega_{o} + \alpha{t}.$$

Angular displacement equation:

$$\Delta{\theta} =\omega_o{t}+\frac{1}{2}{\alpha}t^2.$$

Angular velocity squared equation:

$$\omega^2={\omega_{o}}^2 +2{\alpha}\Delta{\theta}.$$

In the above equations, $$\omega$$ is final angular velocity, $$\omega_0$$ is the initial angular velocity, $$\alpha$$ is angular acceleration, $$t$$ is time, and $$\Delta \theta$$ is angular displacement.

### Connection Between Rotational Kinematics and Linear Kinematics

Now, as we have discussed rotational dynamics and its connection to rotational kinematics, we must be sure to also recognize and understand the relationship between rotational kinematics and linear kinematics. These relationships appear in the table below, where $$r$$ is the radius of the circular motion.

 Variable Linear Abbreviation Linear SI units Angular Abbreviation Angular SI units Relationship acceleration $$a$$ $$\frac{m}{s^2}$$ $$\alpha$$ $$\frac{rad}{s^2}$$ $$a=\alpha{r}, \alpha=\frac{a}{r}$$ velocity $$v$$ $$\frac{m}{s}$$ $$\omega$$ $$\frac{rad}{s}$$ $$v=\omega{r}, \omega=\frac{v}{r}$$ displacement $$x$$ $$m$$ $$\Delta \theta$$ $$rad$$ $$x=\theta{r}, \theta=\frac{x}{r}$$ time $$t$$ $$s$$ $$t$$ $$s$$ $$t=t$$

To better understand these relationships, let us look at the diagram below.

Fig. 2 - A diagram illustrating the relationship between linear kinematic variables and rotational kinematic variables where $$v=\text{velocity},$$ $$r=\text{radius},$$ $$X=\text{linear displacement},$$ $$\Delta \theta=\text{angular displacement},$$ and $$\omega=\text{angular velocity.}$$

### Equations for Torque

Torque can be calculated by using three different formulas.

1. Cross Product Formula
2. Magnitude Formula
3. Newtons Second Law Formula

#### Cross-Product Formula

The cross-product definition of torque is expressed by the equation

$$\tau=\vec{r} \times \vec{F}$$

where $$\vec{r}$$ is the displacement from the axis of rotation and $$\vec{F}$$ is the applied force.

The cross product is also known as the vector product. Its result is another vector quantity whose direction is perpendicular to both vector arguments and the plane defined by them. The torque vector is parallel to the axis of rotation.

#### Magnitude Formula

If we only care about the magnitude of the torque, $$| \vec{\tau} | = \tau,$$ we can calculate it using the following formula:

$$\tau = | \vec r \times \vec F | = r F \sin\theta.$$

where $$r$$ is the magnitude of the displacement from the axis of rotation, $$F$$ is the magnitude of the applied force, and $$\theta$$ is the angle between them.

We can also write the above equation as

$$\tau = Fr_\perp,$$

where $$r_\perp = r\sin\theta ,$$ is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force, known as the lever arm.

Fig. 3 - A torque diagram showing the applied force, distance from the rotation axis, the angle they make, and the lever arm.

#### Newtons Second Law Form

The equation for torque can be written in the same format as that of Newton's second law, $$F=ma$$.

$$\tau=I\alpha$$

Here $$I$$ is the moment of inertia and $$\alpha$$ is the magnitude of the angular acceleration.

### Rotational Inertia Equation

The moment of inertia for a point mass at a distance of $$r$$ from the axis of rotation is

$$I=mr^2.$$

This formula is important because we can use it to derive formulas for the moment of inertia of complex systems since objects can be thought of as being comprised of sets of point masses. The total rotational inertia for a collection of objects is calculated by the formula

$$I_{\mathrm{total}}= \sum I_i=\sum m_ir_{i}^2.$$

Let's try a quick example.

A point mass of $$2.1\,\mathrm{kg}$$ is positioned $$0.89\,\mathrm{m}$$ from the axis of rotation. Calculate its moment of inertia.

Solution

We are given both the mass and the radius. Therefore, we can apply the moment of inertia formula for a point mass directly.

\begin{align}I&=mr^2\\I&=(2.1\,\mathrm{kg})(0.89\,\mathrm{m})^2\\I& = 1.7\,\mathrm{kg\,m^2}\\\end{align}

If our system is a finite-sized body, we can model it as being comprised of infinitely many differential masses $$\mathrm{d}m$$. Each of these masses contributes to the moment of inertia of the object, but instead of adding them up, we need to integrate them to find the total moment of inertia of the object:

$$I=\int{r^2}dm,$$

where $$r$$ is the perpendicular distance from the differential masses, $$dm,$$ to the axis of rotation.

## Equations for Other Useful Rotational Motion Quantities

We still have many other counterparts to those of translational motion. Let's talk briefly about a few of them.

### Rotational Kinetic Energy

Just as velocity is used to calculate kinetic energy,

$$K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2,$$

we can quantify the rotational kinetic energy of a system knowing its angular velocity

$$K_{\text{rot}}= \frac{1}{2}I\omega^2.$$

### Angular Momentum and Impulse

Angular momentum is a vector quantity defined as the product of angular velocity and rotational inertia.

The mathematical formula corresponding to this definition is

$$L=I\omega,$$

where $$\omega$$ is angular velocity measured in $$\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}},$$ and $$I$$ is inertia measured in $$\mathrm{kg\,m^2}.$$ Angular momentum has SI units of $$\mathrm{kg\,\frac{m^2}{s}}$$.

This formula can only be used when the moment of inertia is constant.

We also have a definition for the angular impulse which describes how torque, the rotational analog of force, affects a system with respect to time.

Angular impulse is defined as the product of the torque exerted on a system over a specific time interval.

The mathematical formula corresponding to this definition is

$$\Delta \vec{J}_{rot}= \int_{t_o}^{t}\vec{\tau}(t)dt,$$

which can be simplified to

$$J=\tau\Delta{t},$$

when $$\tau$$ doesn't vary with time. Since $$\tau$$ is measured in $$\mathrm{N\,m}$$ and $$t$$ in $$\mathrm{s},$$ the angular impulse unit in the SI system is $$\mathrm{N\, \frac{m}{s}}.$$

Angular impulse and angular momentum are related by the impulse-momentum theorem:

$$J=\Delta{L} .$$

## Rotational Dynamics Experiment

To demonstrate the concept of rotational dynamics in the lab, one can complete an experiment involving a rotating arm. In this experiment, the apparatus consists of a rotating arm connected to a rotary motion sensor that measures angular velocity. On the rotating arm, two masses will be attached to slow it down by increasing its rotational inertia. The further out the masses are, the harder it is for the arm to rotate. The axis of the rotating arm will then be attached to a string which is also attached to a pulley with a hanging mass. This setup allows for a constant torque to be applied to the arm, because of tension from the string, causing it to rotate. Torque can then be measured and continuously varied using different hanging masses.

## Rotational Dynamics Examples

To solve rotational dynamic problems, one can use a combination of the equations we explored before. Let us apply our new-found knowledge of rotational dynamics to the following two examples.

The spinning wheel has an initial angular velocity of $$5.0\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}}.$$ If its angular acceleration is given as $$2.1\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s^2}}$$ and its angular displacement is given as $$10.6\,\mathrm{rad},$$ what is the final angular velocity of the Ferris wheel? How long does it take to reach this velocity?

Solution

Note that we are given the following information:

• initial angular velocity
• angular acceleration
• angular displacement

Hence, we can identify and use the equation,

$$\omega^2={\omega_o}^2+ 2\alpha\Delta\theta,$$

to solve the first part of this problem. Therefore, our calculations are as follows:

\begin{aligned} \omega^2 &= \omega_0^2 + 2\alpha\Delta\theta\\ \omega^2&=\left( 5.0\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}} \right)^2+ 2\left( 2.1 \mathrm{\frac{rad}{s^2}} \right) \left( 10.6\,\mathrm{rad}\right)\\ \omega^2&=25 + 44.52\\ \omega^2&=69.52\\ \omega&=8.3\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}} \end{aligned}

Now using this information and the equation,$$\Delta\theta=\frac{\omega + \omega_o}{2}{t},$$ we can calculate the time it takes to reach this final velocity value as follows:

\begin{align}\Delta\theta&=\frac{\omega + \omega_o}{2}{t}\\10.6\,\mathrm{rad}&=\frac{8.3\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s} + 5.0\frac{rad}{s}}}{2}(t)\\10.6&= 6.7(\mathrm{t})\\t&= \frac{10.6}{6.7}=1.6\,\mathrm{s}\\\end{align}

The spinning wheel reaches its final angular velocity of $$8.3\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}}$$ at $$t=1.6\,\mathrm{s}.$$

Now let's try another example.

A $$5\,\mathrm{kg}$$ soccer ball, initially at rest, is spun and after $$2.4\,\mathrm{s}$$ is rotating with an angular velocity of $$4.5\,\mathrm{\frac{rad}{s}}.$$ Calculate the ball's angular acceleration. If the radius is given to be $$0.7\,\mathrm{m},$$ calculate the torque exerted on the ball. Note that a soccer ball is considered a thin spherical shell with a corresponding rotational inertia formula of $$I=\frac{2}{3}mr^2.$$

Solution

Based on the problem, we are given

Therefore, we can apply our equation, $$\omega = \omega_0 + \alpha t$$, to solve the first part of this problem. First, we must rearrange our equation to solve for angular acceleration. \begin{align*} \omega &= \omega_0 + \alpha t \\ \alpha t &= \omega - \omega_0 \\ \alpha &= \frac{\omega - \omega_0}{t} \end{align*} We can now insert our variables and solve as follows: \begin{align*} \alpha &= \frac{\omega - \omega_0}{t} \\ &= \frac{4.5\,\frac{\mathrm{rad}}{\mathrm{s}}-0\,\frac{\mathrm{rad}}{\mathrm{s}}}{2.4\,\mathrm{s}} \\ &= 1.9\,\frac{\mathrm{rad}}{\mathrm{s}^2} \end{align*} For the second part of this problem, we must apply the equation,$$\tau=I{\alpha}.$$ First we must rewrite the torque equation using the equation given for the moment of inertia, \begin{align}\tau&=\left(\frac{2}{3}mr^2\right)\alpha\\\end{align} and now we can insert our values. \begin{align}\tau&=\left(\frac{2}{3}mr^2\right)\alpha\\\tau&=\left(\frac{2}{3}(5\,\mathrm{kg})(0.7\,\mathrm{m})^2\right)1.9\,\frac{\mathrm{rad}}{\mathrm{s}^2}\\\tau&=3.1\,\mathrm{N\,m}\\\end{align}

## Rotational Dynamics - Key takeaways

• Rotational dynamics is the study of motion and the forces causing objects to rotate about an axis.
• Rotational motion is the circular motion of objects about an axis and it is described using four main variables: angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular displacement, and time.
• Rotational kinematics studies rotational motion without analyzing the forces acting on the system.
• There are three rotational kinematic equations:
• The angular velocity equation $$\omega=\omega_{o} + \alpha{t},$$
• The angular displacement equation $$\Delta{\theta} =\omega_o{t}+\frac{1}{2}{\alpha}t^2,$$
• The angular velocity squared equation $$\omega^2={\omega_{o}}^2 +2{\alpha}\Delta{\theta}.$$
• Torque is a vector quantity, that quantifies the turning effect of a force applied to an object.
• We can calculate torque using three different formulas:
• $$\tau=\vec{r} \times \vec{F}$$
• $$\tau=rF\sin\theta$$
• $$\tau=I\alpha$$
• The moment of inertia is the measurement of an object's resistance to angular acceleration.
• An object's inertial formula can be expressed as $$I=mr^2$$ for a point mass and $$I=\int{r^2}dm$$ for a finite body-sized system.
• Rotational equilibrium is defined as a state in which neither a system's state of motion nor its internal energy state changes with respect to time.
• Rotational equilibrium is achieved when the sum of all toques in a system is zero.
• Angular momentum is a vector quantity defined as the product of angular velocity and rotational inertia. Its corresponding formula is $$L=I\omega.$$
• Angular impulse is defined as the product of the torque exerted on a system over a specific time interval.

## References

1. Fig. 1 - Radian diagram, StudySmarter Originals
2. Fig. 2 - Relationship diagram for kinematic variables, StudySmarter Originals
3. Fig. 3 - Torque diagram, StudySmarter Originals
4. Fig. 4 - Rotational Dynamics Apparatus, StudySmarter Originals

Rotational dynamics is the study of rotational motion resulting from external forces and their torques.

The difference between linear and rotational dynamics is that linear dynamics refers to linear motion and linear motion variables such as velocity, acceleration, and displacement. Rotational dynamics refers to rotational motion and rotational motion variables such as angular velocity, angular acceleration, and angular displacement.

Rotational kinematics is the study of rotational motion without analyzing the external forces behind it. Rotational dynamics study rotational motion by analyzing the external forces involved.

Multiple principles of physics relate to rotational dynamics. one of them is rotational equilibrium, which is defined as a state in which neither a system's state of motion nor its internal energy state changes with respect to time.

It is important because this type of motion is everywhere in nature. For example, it impacts our everyday lives as we live on a rotating planet. Without rotational dynamics, our planet would not be able to rotate and we, in turn, would not experience seasons.

## Final Rotational Dynamics Quiz

Question

Rotational kinematics refer to which type of motion.

Rotational Motion.

Show question

Question

How many rotational motion variables are included in rotational kinematics (including time)?

4.

Show question

Question

There are ____ rotational motion kinematics equations.

5.

Show question

Question

Linear acceleration is related to angular acceleration by what formula.

$$a=\alpha{r}.$$

Show question

Question

The formula $$\omega=\frac{\Delta{\theta}}{\Delta{t}}$$ represents what rotational motion variable.

Angular acceleration.

Show question

Question

What is the derivative of $$\alpha=\frac{\Delta{\omega}}{\Delta{t}}?$$ What does it represent?

The derivative is $$\alpha=\frac{d\omega}{dt}$$ which represents instantaneous angular acceleration.

Show question

Question

Angular motion variables are the equivalent counterpart of linear motion variables.

True.

Show question

Question

How is time related in angular motion and linear motion?

Time is the same in both linear and angular motion.

Show question

Question

Angular kinematics does not describe what type of motion.

Linear

Show question

Question

Kinematics refers to

the motion of an object

Show question

Question

What formulas relate linear velocity to angular velocity?

$$v=\omega{r}, \omega=\frac{v}{r}.$$

Show question

Question

The amount of torque applied to an object depends on which two factors.

the amount of force applied & the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.

Show question

Question

Torque can be related to which of the following physics quantities.

angular acceleration.

Show question

Question

The equation, $$\tau=\vec{r}\,\times\,\vec{F},$$ expresses which definition of torque.

Cross Product Definition.

Show question

Question

The equation, $$\tau=rF\sin\theta,$$ expresses which definition of torque.

Magnitude Definition.

Show question

Question

The equation, $$\tau=I\alpha,$$ expresses which definition of torque.

Newton's second law for rotational motion.

Show question

Question

Rotational equilibrium refers to a state in which the sum all torques of the system are equal to ____.

0.

Show question

Question

What is the relationship between angular acceleration and torque, if the equation, $$\tau=I\alpha$$, is rearranged in terms of angular acceleration?

Angular acceleration is proportional to torque.

Show question

Question

If the equation, $$\alpha=\frac{\omega}{t}$$, is inserted into the equation $$\tau=I\alpha$$, what variable can torque be related to?

Angular momentum.

Show question

Question

Torque is related to work by the equation, $$W=\tau\theta$$. The derivative of this equation demonstrates the relationship between torque and what variable?

Power.

Show question

Question

The moment of inertia is the measurement of an object's resistance to what rotational motion variable.

Angular acceleration.

Show question

Question

What is the definition of a moment arm?

The length or perpendicular distance between the pivot (or the axis of rotation) and the applied force.

Show question

Question

What part of the human body is not comparable to a moment arm?

Show question

Question

Can an object have linear and rotational motion?

Objects can have both linear and rotational motions.

Show question

Question

What is the turning force called, which causes an object to rotate?

Torque.

Show question

Question

Which scenario produces a greater torque?

A force applied far from the axis of rotation produces a greater torque.

Show question

Question

The parallel axis theorem only describe regular shaped objects, it does not describe accurately the rotational inertia of irregular shaped objects.

False.

Show question

Question

The parallel axis theorem uses the ___ of the distance.

square.

Show question

Question

The parallel axis theorem can be applied to ___.

any two parallel axes of which one must pass through the center of mass of the body.

Show question

Question

If an object's moment of inertia is $$I$$ around some axis $$x$$ that does not go through the object's center of mass, the object's moment of inertia $$I'$$ around an axis parallel to $$x$$ that goes through the object's center of mass is ____.

smaller than $$I$$.

Show question

Question

The parallel axis theorem is useful because not every rotating body that is part of a system will rotate around the same axis.

True.

Show question

Question

The parallel axis theorem describes how the moment of inertia is at a maximum when the axis of rotation passes through the system's center of mass.

False.

Show question

Question

Parallel axes theorem relates the moment of inertia of a rigid body about two parallel axes one of which passes through the center of mass.

True.

Show question

Question

Find the moment of inertia of circle with mass $$M$$ and radius $$R$$ about an axis perpendicular to the circle's plane going through the edge.

$$2MR^2$$.

Show question

Question

An object's moment of inertia with respect to a rotational axis that is at any distance away from the axis going through the center of mass will always be larger than the object's moment of inertia with respect to the axis going through the center of mass.

True.

Show question

Question

If the object's center of mass is at the origin, this means that the $$x$$ and $$y$$ coordinates of the center of mass are both zero.

True.

Show question

Question

The parallel axis theorem works for any axis different from the axis at the center of mass.

False.

Show question

Question

If the moment of inertia of a body about an axis passing through its center of mass is $$8\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm m^2$$  and the mass of the body is $$4\,\mathrm{kg}$$, what is the moment of inertia of that body along another axis which is $$1\,\mathrm{m}$$ away from the current axis and parallel to it?

$$12\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm m^2$$.

Show question

Question

If the moment of inertia of a body about an axis passing through its center of mass is $$13\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm m^2$$  and the mass of the body is $$7\,\mathrm{kg}$$, what is the moment of inertia of that body along another axis which is $$100\,\mathrm{cm}$$ away from the current axis and parallel to it?

$$20\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm m^2$$.

Show question

Question

If the moment of inertia of a body along an axis passing through its center of gravity is $$20\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm m^2$$ and the mass of the body is $$4\,\mathrm{kg}$$, what is the moment of inertia of that body along another axis which is $$2\,\mathrm{m}$$ away from the current axis and parallel to it?

$$36\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm m^2$$.

Show question

Question

Complete the definition:

_____ is a one-dimensional motion along a straight path due to force.

Linear Motion.

Show question

Question

Complete the definition:

______ is circular motion about a fixed axis due to torque.

Angular Motion.

Show question

Question

Which area of physics describes the relationship between angular and linear motion?

Kinematics.

Show question

Question

Kinematics focuses on the motion of an object without reference to the forces that cause it.

True.

Show question

Question

What type of quantity are velocity, acceleration, and displacement?

Vector.

Show question

Question

Linear kinematics equations only apply when which of the following is a constant.

Acceleration.

Show question

Question

Angular kinematics equations only apply when which of the following is a constant.

Angular acceleration.

Show question

Question

Angular motion is analogous to linear motion.

True.

Show question

Question

Which of the following is the cause of linear motion?

Force.

Show question

Question

Which of the following is the cause of angular motion?

Torque.

Show question

60%

of the users don't pass the Rotational Dynamics quiz! Will you pass the quiz?

Start Quiz

## Study Plan

Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan.

## Quizzes

Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes.

## Flashcards

Create and find flashcards in record time.

## Notes

Create beautiful notes faster than ever before.

## Study Sets

Have all your study materials in one place.

## Documents

Upload unlimited documents and save them online.

## Study Analytics

Identify your study strength and weaknesses.

## Weekly Goals

Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them.

## Smart Reminders

Stop procrastinating with our study reminders.

## Rewards

Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying.

## Magic Marker

Create flashcards in notes completely automatically.

## Smart Formatting

Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates.