During the past year, several large banks extended $200$million in loans to the government and several firms in a developing nation. International investors also purchased $150$ million in bonds and $350$ million in stocks issued by domestic firms. Of the stocks that foreign investors purchased, $100$million were shares that amounted to less than a $10$ percent interest in domestic firms. This was the first year this nation had ever permitted inflows of funds from abroad.

a. Based on the investment category definitions discussed in this chapter, what was the amount of portfolio investment in this nation during the past year?

b. What was the amount of foreign direct investment in this nation during the past year?

At a consumer optimum involving goods $X$ and $Y$, the marginal utility of good $X$ equals 3 utils. The price of good $Y$ is three times the price of good $X$. What is the marginal utility of good $Y$?

The academic calendar for a university is August $15$ through May $15$. A professor commits to a contract that binds her to a teaching position at this university for this period. Based on this information, explain the short run and long run that the professor faces.

The diagram below displays short-run cost curves for a facility that produces liquid crystal display ($LCD$) screens for cell phones:

$\left(a\right)$ What are the daily total fixed costs of producing $LCD$ screens?

$\left(b\right)$. What are the total variable costs of producing $100LCD$ screens per day?

$\left(c\right)$What are the total costs of producing $100LCD$ screens per day?

$\left(d\right)$ What is the marginal cost of producing$100LCD$ screens instead of $99$? (Hint: To answer this question, you must first determine the total costs-or, alternatively, the total variable costsof producing $99LCD$ screens.)

Suppose that a firm's only variable input is labor, and the constant hourly wage rate is $20$ per hour. The last unit of labor hired enabled the firm to increase its hourly production from $250$ units to $251$ units. What was the marginal cost of producing $251$ units of output instead of $250$ ?

In terms of the basic arithmetic of economic growth, through what mechanism do improvements in labor and capital productivity help to boost the rate of growth of per capita real GDP?