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Q22E

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Essential Calculus: Early Transcendentals
Found in: Page 299
Essential Calculus: Early Transcendentals

Essential Calculus: Early Transcendentals

Book edition 2nd
Author(s) James Stewart
Pages 830 pages
ISBN 9781133112280

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Short Answer

The velocity graph of an accelerating car is shown.

(a) Estimate the average velocity of the car during the first \(12\) seconds.

(b) At what time was the instantaneous velocity equal to the average velocity?

(a) Average velocity is\(45\).

(b) It will be equal at \(4.5\)seconds.

See the step by step solution

Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Step 1: Graph of the function.

Step 2: Average velocity.

(a) Now, find the average velocity of the car during the first \(12\)seconds.

The average value of a function is represented by this graph is,

\({{\rm{f}}_{{\rm{axe}}}}{\rm{ = }}\frac{{\rm{1}}}{{{\rm{b - a}}}}\sum\limits_{{\rm{i = 1}}}^{\rm{n}} {{\rm{f(}}{{\rm{x}}_{\rm{i}}}{\rm{)\Delta x}}} \)

Here \(\Delta x = \frac{{b - a}}{n}\) and \(n\)is a number of terms.

From the graph, \(a = 0,b = 12\)

Let us take \(n = 6\) and

\(\begin{aligned}{c}{\rm{\Delta x &= }}\frac{{{\rm{b - a}}}}{{\rm{n}}}\\{\rm{ &= }}\frac{{{\rm{12 - 0}}}}{{\rm{6}}}\\{\rm{ = 2}}\end{aligned}\)

Step 3: Average value.

Now, from the graph the average value is

\(\begin{aligned}{c}{{\rm{f}}_{{\rm{axe}}}}{\rm{ &= }}\frac{{\rm{1}}}{{{\rm{b - a}}}}\sum\limits_{{\rm{i &= 1}}}^{\rm{n}} {{\rm{f'(}}{{\rm{x}}_{\rm{i}}}{\rm{)\Delta x}}} \\{\rm{ &= }}\frac{{\rm{1}}}{{{\rm{12 - 0}}}}\left( {{\rm{\Delta x}}\left( {{\rm{f(1) + f}}\left( {\rm{3}} \right){\rm{ + f}}\left( {\rm{5}} \right){\rm{ + f}}\left( {\rm{7}} \right){\rm{ + f}}\left( {\rm{9}} \right){\rm{ + f}}\left( {{\rm{11}}} \right)} \right)} \right)\\{\rm{ &= }}\frac{{\rm{1}}}{{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{.2}}\left( {{\rm{10 + 30 + 45 + 55 + 65 + 65}}} \right)\\{\rm{ &= }}\frac{{\rm{1}}}{{\rm{6}}}{\rm{.270}}\\{\rm{ &= 45}}\end{aligned}\)

Therefore, the average velocity is\(45\).

Step 4: Instantaneous velocity.

(b) From the graph,

The velocity of a car was \(45km/h\) at \(4.5\)seconds.

Therefore, instantaneous velocity is equal to average velocity at \(4.5\) seconds.

\(t = 4.5\).

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