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Q30 PE

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College Physics (Urone)
Found in: Page 261
College Physics (Urone)

College Physics (Urone)

Book edition 1st Edition
Author(s) Paul Peter Urone
Pages 1272 pages
ISBN 9781938168000

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Short Answer

The Crab Nebula (see Figure 7.41) pulsar is the remnant of a supernova that occurred in A.D. 1054. Using data from Table 7.3, calculate the approximate factor by which the power output of this astronomical object has declined since its explosion.

The factor by which the power output of the Crab Nebula has declined since its explosion is 10-10.

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Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Definition of Concepts

Power: Power is a scalar quantity defined as how fast energy is being consumed or transformed. One watt of power is defined as one Joules of energy is being consumed per second.

Calculate the approximate factor by which output has deceased

The power output of the Crabs Nebula is,

PC=1028 W

The power output of the Supernova explosion is,

PS=5×1037 W

The factor by which the power output has deceased is,

F=PCPS

Putting all known values,

F=1028 W5×1037W=2×10-10

Therefore, the factor by which the power output of the Crab Nebula has declined since its explosion is 10-10.

Most popular questions for Physics Textbooks

(a) Find the useful power output of an elevator motor that lifts a \(2500 - {\rm{kg}}\) load a height of \(35.0{\rm{ m}}\) in \(12.0{\rm{ s}}\), if it also increases the speed from rest to \(4.00{\rm{ m}}/{\rm{s}}\). Note that the total mass of the counterbalanced system is \(10,000{\rm{ kg}} - \)so that only \(2500{\rm{ kg}}\) is raised in height, but the full \(10,000{\rm{ kg}}\) is accelerated.

(b) What does it cost, if electricity is \(\$ 0.0900{\rm{ per kW}} \cdot {\rm{h}}\)?

A 75.0-kg cross-country skier is climbing a 3.0º slope at a constant speed of 2.00 m/s and encounters air resistance of 25.0 N. Find his power output for work done against the gravitational force and air resistance.

(b) What average force does he exert backward on the snow to accomplish this?

(c) If he continues to exert this force and to experience the same air resistance when he reaches a level area, how long will it take him to reach a velocity of 10.0 m/s?

Shoveling snow can be extremely taxing because the arms have such a low efficiency in this activity. Suppose a person shoveling a footpath metabolizes food at the rate of \(800{\rm{ W}}\).

(a) What is her useful power output?

(b) How long will it take her to lift \(3000{\rm{ kg}}\) of snow \(1.20{\rm{ m}}\)? (This could be the amount of heavy snow on \(20{\rm{ m}}\) of footpath.)

(c) How much waste heat transfer in kilojoules will she generate in the process?

The 70.0-kg swimmer in Figure 7.44 starts a race with an initial velocity of 1.25 m/s and exerts an average force of 80.0 N backward with his arms during each 1.80 m long stroke.

(a) What is his initial acceleration if water resistance is 45.0 N?

(b) What is the subsequent average resistance force from the water during the 5.00 s it takes him to reach his top velocity of 2.50 m/s?

(c) Discuss whether water resistance seems to increase linearly with velocity.

(a) Calculate the force needed to bring a 950-kg car to rest from a speed of 90.0 km/h in a distance of 120 m (a fairly typical distance for a non-panic stop).

(b) Suppose instead the car hits a concrete abutment at full speed and is brought to a stop in 2.00 m. Calculate the force exerted on the car and compare it with the force found in part (a).
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