Book edition 10th Edition

Author(s) David Halliday

Pages 1328 pages

ISBN 9781118230718

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Short Answer

At time t = 0, force $\vec{f} = (_4.00 i^+ 5.00 j^)$ acts on an initially stationary particle of mass $2.00 10 \times 3 kg$ and force $\vec{f} = 2_(2.00 i^_4.00 j^)$ acts on an initially stationary particle of mass $4.00 10 \times 3 kg$ . From time $t_{0}$ to t = 2.00 ms, what are the (a) magnitude and (b) angle (relative to the positive direction of the x axis) of the displacement of the center of mass of the two particle system? (c) What is the kinetic energy of the center of mass at t = 2.00 ms?

Magnitude of displacement of center of mass is 0.745 mm.
Angle relative to the positive direction of x axis is $153 °$ .
Kinetic energy of center of mass at t = 2.00 s is 0.00167 J.

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Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Step 1: Determine the concept

Calculate displacement of two particles individually. Use this displacement to calculate the displacement of the center of mass. Calculate velocity of center of mass of two particles. Using this velocity, find the kinetic energy of two particle system.

Formulae are as follow:

$F = m a x - x_{0} = v_{0} t + 0.5 a t^{2} v = v_{0} + a t$

Here, m is mass, v is velocity, a is an acceleration, t is time, F is force and x is displacement.

Step 2: (a) Determine the magnitude of displacement of center of mass

According to Newton’s second law, displacement is as follows:

For particle 1,

$d_{1} = v_{i} t + 0.5 a_{1} t^{2}$

As the initial velocity is zero,

$d_{1} = 0.5 a_{1} t^{2}$ ….. (1)

From Newton’s second law of motion:

. $F_{1} = m_{1} a_{1} ∴ a_{1} = \frac{F_{1}}{m_{1}}$ …… (2)

Substituting equation (2) in equation (1) and solve as:

$d_{1} = 0.5 \frac{F_{1}}{m_{1}} t^{2} d_{1} m_{1} = 0.5 F_{1} t^{2}$ ….. (3)

For particle 2, write the equation as:

$d_{2} = v_{i} t + 0.5 a_{2} t^{2} d_{2} = 0.5 a_{2} t^{2}$ ….. (5)

Now, write the equation as:

$F_{2} = m_{2} a_{2} a_{2} = \frac{F_{2}}{m_{2}}$ …… (5)

Substituting equation (5) in equation (4) and solve as:

$d_{2} = 0.5 \frac{F_{2}}{m_{2}} t^{2} d_{2} m_{2} = 0.5 F_{2} t^{2}$ ….. (6)

Now, center of mass of two particles is as follows:

$d_{c m} = \frac{d_{1} m_{1} + d_{2} m_{2}}{m_{1} + m_{2}} d_{c m} = \frac{d_{1} m_{1}}{m_{1} + m_{2}} + \frac{d_{2} m_{2}}{m_{1} + m_{2}}$

Substitute the values from equation (4) and (6) and solve as:

role="math" localid="1661314168405" $d_{c m} = 0.5 \times \frac{(- 4 \hat{i} + 5 \hat{j}) + (2 \hat{i} - 4 \hat{j})}{(2 \times 10^{- 3} + 4 \times 10^{- 3})} \times {(2 \times 10^{- 3})}^{2} d_{c m} = - 6.67 \times 10^{- 4} \hat{i} + 3.33 \times 10^{- 4} \hat{j}$

Solve for the magnitude as:

$d_{c m} = \sqrt{{(- 6.67 \times 10^{- 4})}^{2} + {(3.33 \times 10^{- 4})}^{2}} d_{c m} = 7.45 \times 10^{- 4} m$

Hence, magnitude of displacement of center of mass is 0.745mm.

Step 4: (b) Determine the angle relative to the positive direction of x axis

Consider the equation

$d_{c m} = - 6.67 \times 10^{- 4} \hat{i} + 3.33 \times 10^{- 4} \hat{j}$

So, the angle is,

$\tan θ = \frac{3.33 \times 10^{- 4}}{- 6.67 \times 10^{- 4}} θ = 153 °$

Hence, angle relative to the positive direction of x axis is $153 °$ .

Step 5: (c) Determining the kinetic energy of center of mass at t = 2.00 ms

Velocity of two masses is as follows:

$v_{1} = a_{1} \times t a_{1} = \frac{F_{1}}{m_{1}} v_{1} = \frac{F_{1} t}{m_{1}} v_{1} m_{1} = F_{1} t$ ……. (7)

Solve further as:

$v_{2} = a_{2} \times t a_{2} = \frac{F_{2}}{m_{2}} v_{2} = \frac{F_{2} t}{m_{2}} v_{2} m_{2} = F_{2} t$ ….. (8)

Now, velocity of center of mass is as follows:

$v_{c m} = \frac{m_{1} v_{1} + m_{2} v_{2}}{m_{1} + m_{2}}$

Now, Substitute the values from equation (7) and (8) as follows:

$v_{c m} = \frac{F_{1} + F_{2}}{m_{1} + m_{2}} \times t v_{c m} = \frac{(- 4 \hat{i} + 5 \hat{j}) + (2 \hat{i} - 4 \hat{j})}{2 \times 10^{- 3} + 4 \times 10^{- 3}} \times (2 \times 10^{- 3}) . v_{c m} = - 0.667 \hat{i} + 0.333 \hat{j}$

Now, magnitude of velocity is,

$v_{c m} = \sqrt{{(- 0.667)}^{2} + {(0.333)}^{2}} v_{c m} = 0.745 m / s$

Net mass is,

$m = 6 \times 10^{- 3} kg$

Now, kinetic energy is calculated as:

role="math" localid="1661314904075" $K E = \frac{1}{2} m v_{c m}^{2} = \frac{1}{2} \times 6 \times 10^{- 3} \times {(0.745)}^{2} = 0.00167 J$

Hence, kinetic energy of center of mass at t = 2.00 s is 0.00167 J.

Determine the acceleration using Newton’s second law. Use this acceleration to find displacement and velocity after the given time. Using this, find the displacement of center of mass and velocity of center of mass.

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Short Answer

Step by Step Solution

Step 1: Determine the concept

Step 2: (a) Determine the magnitude of displacement of center of mass

Step 4: (b) Determine the angle relative to the positive direction of x axis

Step 5: (c) Determining the kinetic energy of center of mass at t = 2.00 ms

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Step by Step Solution

Step 1: Determine the concept

Step 2: (a) Determine the magnitude of displacement of center of mass

Step 4: (b) Determine the angle relative to the positive direction of x axis

Step 5: (c) Determining the kinetic energy of center of mass at t = 2.00 ms

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