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Fundamentals Of Physics
Found in: Page 1330
Fundamentals Of Physics

Fundamentals Of Physics

Book edition 10th Edition
Author(s) David Halliday
Pages 1328 pages
ISBN 9781118230718

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Short Answer

About 2% of the energy generated in the Sun’s core by the p-p reaction is carried out of the Sun by neutrinos. Is the energy associated with this neutrino flux equal to, greater than, or less than the energy radiated from the Sun’s surface as electromagnetic radiation?

The energy flux of the neutrino flux is less than the energy radiated by the sun as electromagnetic radiation.

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Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Step 1: p-p Reaction

The energy generated on the sun is due to the nuclear fusion of the two hydrogen atoms. Each proton of both hydrogen atoms forms an atom of Deuteron with a neutrino and a positron. The positron is neutralized by an electron which produces gamma-ray photons. The deuteron production occurs once by the interaction of 1026 proton-proton interaction.

Step 2: Whether the energy of neutrino flux is equal, greater, or less than energy radiated by the sun as electromagnetic 

The energy flux of the neutrino flux is less than the energy radiated by the sun as electromagnetic radiation because neutrino produces for every 1026 proton-proton interaction.

Therefore, the energy flux of the neutrino flux is less than the energy radiated by the sun as electromagnetic radiation.

Most popular questions for Physics Textbooks

In the deuteron–triton fusion reaction of Eq. 43-15, what is the kinetic energy of (a) the alpha particle and (b) the neutron? Neglect the relatively small kinetic energies of the two combining particles.

(See Problem 21.) Among the many fission products that may be extracted chemically from the spent fuel of a nuclear reactor is Sr90(T1/2=29 y) . This isotope is produced in typical large reactors at the rate of about 18 kg/y. By its radioactivity, the isotope generates thermal energy at the rate of 0.93 W/g. (a) Calculate the effective disintegration energy Qeff associated with the decay of a Sr90 nucleus. (This energy includes contributions from the decay of the Sr90 daughter products in its decay chain but not from neutrinos, which escape totally from the sample.) (b) It is desired to construct a power source generating 150 W (electric power) to use in operating electronic equipment in an underwater acoustic beacon. If the power source is based on the thermal energy generated by 90Sr and if the efficiency of the thermal–electric conversion process is 5.0%, how muchSr90 is needed?

Do the initial fragments formed by fission have more protons than neutrons, more neutrons than protons, or about the same number of each?

A star converts all its hydrogen to helium, achieving a 100% helium composition. Next, it converts the helium to carbon via the triple-alpha process,

H4e+H4e+H4e→12C+7.27 MeV

The mass of the star is role="math" localid="1661754478822" 4.6×1032kg, and it generates energy at the rate of 5.3x103 W. How long will it take to convert all the helium to carbon at this rate?

In certain stars the carbon cycle is more effective than the proton–proton cycle in generating energy.This carbon cycle is

C12+H1→13N+γ, Q1=1.95 MeV,N13→13C+e++v, Q2=1.19,C13+H1→14N+γ, Q3=7.55,C14+H1→15O+γ, Q4=7.30,15O →15N+e++v, Q5=1.73,C15+H1→12C+4He, Q6=4.97

(a) Show that this cycle is exactly equivalent in its overall effects to the proton–proton cycle of Fig. 43-11. (b) Verify that the two cycles, as expected, have the same Q value.
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