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Fundamentals Of Physics
Found in: Page 603
Fundamentals Of Physics

Fundamentals Of Physics

Book edition 10th Edition
Author(s) David Halliday
Pages 1328 pages
ISBN 9781118230718

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Short Answer

Does the entropy per cycle increase, decrease, or remain the same for (a) a Carnot refrigerator, (b) a real refrigerator, and (c) a perfect refrigerator (which is, of course, impossible to build)?

  1. For a Carnot refrigerator, the entropy per cycle remains the same.
  2. For a real refrigerator, the entropy per cycle will increase.
  3. For a perfect refrigerator, the entropy per cycle will decrease.
See the step by step solution

Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Step 1: The given data

  1. A Carnot refrigerator
  2. A real refrigerator
  3. A perfect refrigerator

Step 2: Understanding the concept of entropy change

Entropy change is a phenomenon that quantifies how disorder or randomness has changed in a thermodynamic system. From the processes followed by given refrigerators, we can decide about the entropy.

Step 3: (a) Calculation of the entropy change of a Carnot refrigerator

A Carnot refrigerator is an ideal refrigerator. All processes are reversible and there is no wastage of energy due to friction and turbulence. The entropy per cycle remains the same for reversible processes.

Hence, entropy remains the same for a Carnot refrigerator.

Step 4: (b) Calculation of the entropy change of a real refrigerator

A real refrigerator loses energy due to the friction. This is an irreversible process. Therefore, the entropy of this refrigerator increases.

Step 5: (c) Calculation of the entropy change of a perfect refrigerator

A perfect refrigerator transfers heat energy from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir. Therefore, the entropy of a perfect engine decreases, that is negative which violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Most popular questions for Physics Textbooks

Point i in Fig. 20-19 represents the initial state of an ideal gas at temperature T . Taking algebraic signs into account, rank the entropy changes that the gas undergoes as it moves, successively and reversibly, from point i to points a , b , c , and d , greatest first.

Suppose 4.00mol of an ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from volume v1 to v2=2.00V1 volume at temperature T = 400 K . (a) Find the work done by the gas and (b) Find the entropy change of the gas (c) If the expansion is reversible and adiabatic instead of isothermal, what is the entropy change of the gas?

Expand 1.00 mol of a monatomic gas initially at 5.00kPa and 600 K from initial volume Vi=1.00 m3 to final volume Vf=2.00 m3. At any instant during the expansion, the pressure p and volume V of the gas are related by p=5.00 exp[Vi-VI a], with p in kilopascals, Vi and V in cubic meters, and a=1.00 m3. (a) What is the final pressure and (b) what is the final temperature of the gas? (c) How much work is done by the gas during the expansion? (d) What is ∆S for the expansion? (Hint: Use two simple reversible processes to find ∆S.)

A gas, confined to an insulated cylinder, is compressed adiabatically to half its volume. Does the entropy of the gas increase, decrease, or remain unchanged during this process?

The cycle in Figure 20-31 represents the operation of a gasoline internal combustion engine. Volume, V3=4.00V1 Assume the gasoline – air intake mixture is an ideal gas with γ=1.30. What are the ratios (a) (a) T2/T1 ,(b) T3/T1 ,(c) T4/T1 ,(d) p3/p1 and p4/p1? (f) What is the engine efficiency?
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