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Chapter 10: Collisions

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Matter & Interactions
Pages: 383 - 415
Matter & Interactions

Matter & Interactions

Book edition 4th edition
Author(s) Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood
Pages 1135 pages
ISBN 9781118875865

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Illustration

39 Questions for Chapter 10: Collisions

  1. Under what conditions is the momentum of a system constant? Can the x component of momentum be constant even if they component is changing? In what circumstances? Give an example of such behavior.

    Found on Page 410

  2. What is it about analyzing collisions in the center-of-mass frame that simplifies the calculations?

    Found on Page 410

  3. In order to close a door, you throw an object at the door. Which would be more effective in closing the door, a 50g tennis ball or a 50g lump of sticky clay? Explain clearly what physics principles you used to draw your conclusion.

    Found on Page 410

  4. Consider a head-on collision between two objects. Object 1, which has mass m1, is initially in motion, and collides head-on with object 2, which has massm2and is initially at rest. Which of the following statements about the collision are true?

    Found on Page 410

  5. In a nuclear fission reactor, each fission of a uranium nucleus is accompanied by the emission of one or more high-speed neutrons, which travel through the surrounding material. If one of theneutrons is captured in another uranium nucleus, it can trigger fission, which produces more fast neutrons, which could make possible a chain reaction

    Found on Page 410

  6. A ball whose mass is 0.2kg hits the floor with a speed of 8 m/s and rebounds upward with a speed of 7m/s. The ball was in contact with the floor for0.5ms0.5×10-3s.

    Found on Page 411

  7. A projectile of massm1moving with speed v1in the +xdirection strikes a stationary target of massm2head-on. The collision is elastic. Use the Momentum Principle and the Energy Principle to determine the final velocities of the projectile and target, making no approximations concerning the masses. After obtaining your results, see what your equations would predict ifm1≫m2, or ifm2≫m1. Verify that these predictions are in agreement with the analysis in this chapter of the Ping-Pong ball hitting the bowling ball, and of the bowling ball hitting the Ping-Pong ball.

    Found on Page 411

  8. Object A has mass mA=7kgand initial momentumP→Aj=(17,-5,0)kg.m/s2, just before it strikes object B , which has mass mA=11kg. Object B has initial momentum p→Bj=(4,6,0)kh.m/s2. After the collision, object A is observed to have final momentum P→Af=(13,3,0)kg.m/s2. In the following questions, “initial” refers to values before the collisions, and “final” refers to values after the collision. Consider a system consisting of both objects and . Calculate the following quantities: (a) The total initial momentum of this system. (b) The final momentum of object B. (c) The initial kinetic energy of object A. (d) The initial kinetic energy of object B. (e) The final kinetic energy of object A. (f) The final kinetic energy of object B. (g) The total initial kinetic energy of the system. (h) The total final kinetic energy of the system. (i) The increase of internal energy of the two objects. (j) What assumption did you make about Q (energy flow from surroundings into the system due to a temperature diff

    Found on Page 411

  9. Object:Ahas mass mA=7kgand initial momentump→A,i=17,-5,0kg·m/s2, just before it strikes object B, which has mass mA=11kg. Object Bhas initial momentump→B,i=4,6,0kg·m/s2. After the collision, object Ais observed to have final momentum p→A,f=13,3,0kg·m/s2. In the following questions, “initial” refers to values before the collisions, and “final” refers to values after the collision. Consider a system consisting of both objects AandB. Calculate the following quantities: (a) The total initial momentum of this system. (b) The final momentum of object B. (c) The initial kinetic energy of object A. (d) The initial kinetic energy of object B. (e) The final kinetic energy of object A. (f) The final kinetic energy of object B. (g) The total initial kinetic energy of the system. (h) The total final kinetic energy of the system. (i) The increase of internal energy of the two objects. (j) What assumption did you make about Q (energy flow from surroundings into the system due to a temperature d

    Found on Page 411

  10. In outer space a rock whose mass is 3kg and whose velocity was(3900,-2900,3000)m/sstruck a rock with mass 13kg and velocity(220,-260,300)m/s. After the collision, the 3kg rock’s velocity is(3500,-2300,3500)m/s. (a) What is the final velocity of the 13kg rock? (b) What is the change in the internal energy of the rocks? (c) Which of the following statements about Q (transfer of energy into the system because of a temperature difference between system and surroundings) are correct? (1)Q≈0 because the duration of the collision was very short. (2)Q=Ethermal of the rocks. (3)Q≈0 because there are no significant objects in the surroundings. (4)Q=∆k of the rocks.

    Found on Page 411

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